The primary method of colonisation and establishment in a range of habitats is through interactions between microorganisms or between microorganisms and their hosts. All ecological components of these interactions are involved, including physiochemical alterations, metabolite conversion and exchange, signalling, chemotaxis, and genetic exchange leading to genotype selection. Additionally, the ability of an invader to establish itself in a habitat depends on the species variety present because a microbial community with high functional redundancy is more competitive and less likely to be colonised by outsiders.

It was once believed that interactions between microorganisms could only be inhibitive in nature. Recent advancements in study, however, have shown that there are other classes of bacteria in our environment that interact to produce various products, including a larger range of useful and potentially advantageous elements than simple antibiosis. As a result, the current review examines several microbial contact types and defines the function of various physical, chemical, biological, and genetic elements controlling such interactions. It goes on to describe how biofilm formation works and how secondary metabolites play a part in controlling how bacteria and fungi interact. Microbial interactions, which are crucial to the food business, agriculture, and ecology, are given particular attention and focus.

The exchange of molecular and genetic information that occurs during microbial contacts can be mediated by a variety of processes, including secondary metabolites, siderophores, the quorum sensing system, biofilm development, and cellular transduction signalling, among others. The creation of molecules engaged in these interactions is carried out by each organism's gene expression in response to an environmental (biotic or abiotic) stimulus, which serves as the fundamental unit of interaction. As a result, in the current review, we concentrated on a few molecular mechanisms involved in microbial interaction, not only microbial-host interaction, which has been the subject of other reviews, but also on the molecular strategy employed by various microorganisms in the environment that can modulate the establishment and structuration of the microbial community.

The majority of medical diseases are caused by various interactions between the essential pathogenic bacteria, especially when these conditions afflict immunocompromised people. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure a full understanding of the attachment mechanisms and signalling occurring during interactions between fungi and bacteria. In the long run, this will provide the groundwork for more developments in treatment approaches to reduce the likelihood of microbial infections and the occurrence of diseases brought on by polymicrobial infections. In various habitats, bacteria and fungi are frequently found together, particularly in biofilms where they remain adhered to solid surfaces and communicate through various signalling mechanisms. Despite the length of their coexistence, there hasn't been much research on the interactions between bacteria and fungi, particularly when it comes to numerous infections.

Journal of Food Microbiology is peer-reviewed that focuses on the topics include Food microbiology, Microbial MSI, Microbial interactions, Pathogen testing, Quality control, Microbiological analysis related to microbiology.

Authors can submit their manuscripts as an email attachment to aafmy@peerjournal.org

Warm Regards,

Journal Coordinator

Journal of Food Microbiology