Pathology of HTLV-1

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered. It is estimated that at least 20 million people are infected worldwide by this oncogenic virus. Infected individuals are at risk of developing a fatal malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and a severe progressive neurologic disease, HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). According to Robert Gallo, who discovered this retrovirus in 1980, HTLV-1 is to be considered the most potent microbial human carcinogen. Many issues concerning its life cycle and pathobiology are still unsolved or controversial, and new approaches for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HTLV-1 infection are in high demand.

In this present Research Topic, we will focus on the following research themes:

Identification of biomarkers. Besides ATL and HAM/TSP, a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases are associated with HTLV-1 infection, including uveitis, dermatitis, rheumatic disorders, and myositis. The mechanisms leading to these conditions are still poorly understood and no robust marker of disease is cur-rently available. Whole-genome sequencing studies are currently aimed at identifying driver mutations and markers to enable early diagnosis and patient risk stratification.

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Allied Journal of Medical Research
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